Exam I review:

1) Definition of evolutionary biology. What is it about and what is it not about?

2) What is a theory? How do the theory of gravitation, cell theory, and theory of evolution differ?

3) In the history of life (e.g., Table 25.1) what are the dates for the following?

- Earliest traces of life (and what are they)

- Oldest fossils (and what are they)

- Oldest eukaryotic fossil

- Oldest multicellular eukaryote (what is it)

- Cambrian explosion (what occurs)

- All extant animal phyla

- First land plants

- Angiosperms

4) What separates bacteria from archaea

5) Prokaryote cells (components and size) and their ecological roles

6) Do viruses evolve? If so, how?

7) Do prokaryotes evolve? If so, how?

8) Endosymbiotic theory

9) Definition of speciation

10) Ecological role of protists

11) What is the most diverse group of organisms, and why?

12) Relationship between charophycean algae and plants

13) What is a fruit and why important

14) What is an ovary, an ovule?

15) Glycogen vs. starch as a storage sugar

16) Plant traits for living on land

17) Plant diversity by phylum

18) Which kingdoms have mitochondria, which kingdoms have photosynthesis

19) Evolutionary trends in plants

20) Double fertilization

21) Ecological roles of fungi, mycorrhizae

22) What are fungi?

23) What animal phylum are aceolomates, ceolomates, protostomes, deuterostomes; are diploblastic, triploblastic

24) Number of animal phyla, where they are distributed. Species richness within phyla (general trends)

25) General features of porifera, Cnideria, platyelimenthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata

26) Vertebrate classes and general features

27) Evolution of mammals and birds

28) Relationships between humans and apes

29) Genetic relationships between organisms based on Hox genes, SSU-rRNA, Introns, Homeotic genes, Homologous traits

30) Human evolutionary tree