|
verb stem |
personal endings |
contracted form |
|
καλ-ε- οἰκ-ε- πον-ε- φιλ-ε-
|
‘ + ω --> ῶ I ‘ + εις --> εῖς (you) ‘ + ει ----> εῖ (s/he) -ε -----> ει (command) |
καλῶ, οἰκῶ, πονῶ, φιλῶ καλεῖς, οἰκεῖς, πονεῖς, φιλεῖς καλεῖ, οἰκεῖ, πονεῖ, φιλεῖ κάλει, πόνει, φίλει |
These are ‘vowel-stem’ verbs—specifically ‘e-stems’—which means that the personal endings
join with a vowel and (typically) contract with it.
The most notable differences are:
(1) the endings bear the accent, except in the imperative/command.
(2) the imperative ends up with an ending that looks deceptively like the 3rd singular
(s/he) forms, distinguished only by the accent
Now for practice, (1) Memorize the list (using first-person, -ω).
(2) Then do the exercise (as much from memory as possible)
You are working _______
he is living _________
I am calling ________
(you) Work! _________
s/he loves _________
you are living _________
Love! (imperative) _________
she is working _________
he calls_________
Call _________