Luke  2  (with Ch. 9, participles cont.)

 

     The following passage includes much new vocabulary:

Read aloud and sound out the names.

    Our grammatical focus is on participles--middle (as in last chapter),

and now active: -ων/-οντος; -ουσα/ουσης = ‘-ing’.

Ex. in verse 2:  ἡγεμονεύ-οντος  (gen.) from  ἡγεμονεύειν, 'govern'.

    Also get acquainted with the past tense called 'aorist' (simple 'past').

Common is, ἐ-γένε-το  = 'it happened (that)', past equivalent of γίγνεται.

Notice that the past is signaled by ... (1) prefix ἐ-, and

(2) shifting endings, -το for  -ται.

Similarly in verse 3, -πορερευο-ντο, they journeyed,

                                       = past for πορεύονται,

with (1) augment ἐ-  plus (2) past ending -ντο for -νται.

 δού, You've practically learned the past!

[Click here for reading aloud]

 

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις                   adj. 'those'

ἐξῆλθεν δόγμα παρὰ Καίσαρος Αὐγούστου 'there went out' (< ἐξ-ερχομαι)

ἀπογράφεσθαι πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην.     'to be listed' ... '(inhabited) world'

2)  αὕτη ἀπογραφὴ πρώτη ἐγένετο                      'listing' or 'census'

ἡγεμονεύοντος τῆς Συρίας Κυρηνίου.       'govern(ing)' gen. phrase = 'when'

3) καὶ ἐπορεύοντο πάντες

ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν.          'each'

4) ᾿Ανέβη δὲ καὶ Ἰωσὴφ ἀπὸ τῆς Γαλιλαίας                past = βαίνει

ἐκ πόλεως Ναζαρὲθ εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν

εἰς πόλιν Δαυὶδ ἥτις καλεῖται Βηθλέεμ,                          'which is called'

διὰ τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν ἐξ οἴκου καὶ πατριᾶς Δαυίδ,      'because (of) him being'

5) ἀπογράψασθαι σὺν Μαριὰμ                                       'with' + dative

τῇ ἐμνηστευμένῃ αὐτῷ,                                                    lit. 'betrothed'

οὔσῃ  ἐγκύῳ.                                                                        'pregnant'  (fem.)

6) ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν τῷ εἶναι αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ                              'while they were there'

ἐπλήσθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν,     'were completed'...'to give birth'

 

 

7) καὶ ἔτεκεν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς τὸν πρωτότοκον·    'she bore' ... 'first born'

καὶ ἐσπαργάνωσεν αὐτὸν                            (past) 'she wrapped (in swaddling)'

καὶ ἀνέκλινεν αὐτὸν ἐν φάτνῃ,                       'lay' ... 'manger' (eating trough)

διότι οὐκ ἦν αὐτοῖς τόπος ἐν τῷ καταλύματι.             'a place ... inn'

8) Καὶ ποιμένες ἦσαν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ               'shepherds ... country'

ἀγραυλοῦντες                                                           'roughing it' (in the field)

καὶ φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς τῆς νυκτὸς lit. 'guarding guards'=keeping watch

ἐπὶ τὴν ποίμνην αὐτῶν.                                          'flock', herd

9) καὶ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη αὐτοῖς        κύριος = (the) lord; 'stood above'

καὶ δόξα κυρίου περιέλαμψεν αὐτούς,                'glory' ... 'blazed around'

καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν.                             past = φοβοῦνται

10) καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὁ ἄγγελος, Μὴ φοβεῖσθε,            'said'

ἰδοὺ γὰρ εὐαγγελίζομαι ὑμῖν χαρν μεγάλην   'bring good news ...joy'

ἥτις ἔσται παντὶ τῷ λα,                              'which shall be ...people'

11) ὅτι ἐτέχθη ὑμῖν σήμερον σωτὴρ ὅς       'born ...today (a) savior who...'

ἐστιν Χριστὸς κύριος ἐν πόλει Δαυίδ·

καὶ τοῦτο ὑμῖν τὸ σημεῖον,                                     'sign'

εὑρήσετε βρέφος ἐσπαργανωμένον          future = εὑρίσκετε,   'kid' child

καὶ κείμενον ἐν φάτνῃ.                                  < κεῖμαι, 'lie (down)'

13) καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ                    'suddenly'

πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου                                 'crowd of heavenly army'

αἰνούντων τὸν θεὸν καὶ λεγόντων,                      (angels) 'praising'

14)  "Δόξα ἐν ὑψίστοις θεῷ                                            'highest'

      καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς εἰρήνη ἐν ἀνθρώποις εὐδοκίας."      'of good will'