Slide-rule for the optative
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pres./fut./aor. |
active |
middle |
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regular λυ + ο + ι λυσ + ο + ι λυσα + ι- (or you/he/they = -σειας/-σειε/-σειαν) |
-μι -ς - / -μεν -τε -εν |
-μην -ο (< σο) -το -μεθα -σθε -ντο |
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φιλε-ο ι >> φιλ-οι- τιμα-οι--> τιμῳ + future & aorist formed regulary φιλήσοιμι, τιμήσαμι, ___________ liquid futures, e.g. βαλοί + _________________ (ἵ)στα +ι + (1st aor. regular στησαιμι, κτλ.) _________________ (δι)δο + ι + _____________ all aorist passives -(θ) ε + ι + active endings |
-ην -ης -η -μεν -τε -εν |
-μην -ο (< σο) -το -μεθα -σθε -ντο |
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For the following verbs give the optative, 3rd sing.
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Present (act./mid) |
Future (act./mid) |
Aorist (act./mid) |
Aorist Passive |
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ἀκούω (example)
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ἀκούοι, ἀκούοιτο |
ἀκού-σ-οιτο [ἀκουσθη-σοιτο] |
ἀκούσαι (or ἀκούσειε) ἀκούσαιτο |
ἀκουσθείη |
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βάλλω |
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ἀπο-θνῄσκω |
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κρατέω |
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δίδωμι |
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νικάω |
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Now do a sample with 3rd pl.
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Present (act./mid) |
Future (act./mid) |
Aorist (act./mid) |
Aorist Passive |
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ἀκούω (example) |
ἀκούοιεν ἀκούοιντο |
ἀκού-σ-οιντο [ἀκουσθη-σοιντο] |
ἀκούσαιεν (or ἀκούσειαν) ἀκούσαιντο |
ἀκουσθείεν |
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βάλλω |
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κρατέω |
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ἵστημι |
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Now, using the forms above, adapt the following sentences
from primary sequence to secondary (where subjunctive goes to optative).
present --> past |
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subjunctive >> optative |
He is working so that
ἐργάζεται ἵνα /ὅπως |
.... he may hear ... they may prevail .... she may give .... they may stand ... (act. & mid.) |
ἀκούῃ κρατῶσι (δι)δῷ (ἱ)στῶσι /(ἱ)στῶνται |
He was working so that
ἠργάζετο ἵνα /ὅπως |
.... he might hear ... they might prevail .... she might give .... they might stand ... (act. & mid.) |
?? |