Practice with participles (Ch. 8)

    Participles (= '-ing') share the functions of verb and adjective:

like verbs, they can take objects  ('receiving the food', δεχόμενος τὸν σῖτον);

as adjectives, they have to agree with the nouns that they modify. 

Luckily (for now), middle participles end in -όμενος, -ομένη,  

so they work just like most of the adjectives we've learned (like καλὸς, καλὴ, κτλ.)

    The real trick is seeing how participles function alongside the main verb in a sentence.

Think of the participial phrase as a virtual clause.

So  'We see the child working' contains the clause 'the child (is) working'.

ὁ παῖς ἐργάζεται --> ὁρῶμεν τὸν παῖδα (τὸν) ἐργαζόμενον

Of course this works in the plural:  'We see the children working.'

οἱ παῖδες  ἐργάζονται-->ὁρῶμεν τοὺς παῖδας (τοὺς) ἐργαζομένους.

The participle will change case (gen., dat, or acc.) to agree with its subject.

'The women are talking' --> 'We hear the women talking'

    (ἀκούω takes genitive of persons)

αἱ γυναῖκες διαλέγονται  --> ἀκούομεν τῶν γυναικῶν διαλεγομένων.

'The women speak to the children (who are) working.'

     (διαλέγεσθαι takes a dative)

αἱ γυναῖκες διαλέγονται τοῖς παισὶ ἐργαζομένοις.

The participle is in the nominative when it modifies the subject of the sentence:

'Wanting to help,    the women call the children'   ('wanting...' describes the women)

βουλόμεναι βοηθεῖν, αἱ γυναῖκες καλοῦσι τοὺς παῖδας.

The nominative participle goes  well with verbs such as παύεσθαι 'stop'.

    'The women stop talking' =  αἱ γυναῖκες παύονται διαλεγόμεναι.

    'The children stop working' =  οἱ παῖδες παύονται ἐργαζόμενοι.

Practice:  based on the examples above and the paradigms on p. 115, decline in full

'the working woman'              and                'the loving child'