Remember participles?
Give special attention to Second Aorists and Athematics (2-3 in red below)
As verbal adjectives, they agree with some noun or pronoun (as their subject) but may take their own object or other predicate: translate with '-ing'.
1) thematic Middle: these are the easiest to form:
just replace endings with -όμενος, -η, -ον
δέχ-ομαι --> δεχ- όμενος, -η, -ον, γίγν-ομαι -- γιγνόμενος, -η, -ον
So '(the one) receiving the money' is [ὁ] δεχόμενος τὸ ἀργύριον
or ὁ τὸ ἀργύριον δεχόμενος
(the one) 'Becoming great' [ὁ] μέγας γιγνόμενος
Of course, participles can be singular or plural, in any case:
We heard/listened to (the man) receiving the money; ...the one becoming great:
ἠκούσαμεν [τοῦ ἀνδρὸς] τοῦ δεχομένου
(or τοῦ τὸ ἀργύριον δεχομένου]
ἠκούσαμεν [τοῦ ἀνδρὸς] μεγάλου γιγνομένου
We obeyed (+ dative)...
ἐπειθόμεθα [τῷ ἀνδρί] τῷ δεχομένῳ... (or τῷ τὸ ἀργύριον δεχομένῳ]
ἐπειθόμεθα [τῷ ἀνδρί] μεγάλῳ γιγνομένῳ.
2) Active
The present active participles are formed
like 'old man' γέρων, γέροντος in the masculine;
feminines end in -σα, -σης
γραφ-ω ---> γράφ-ων, γράφοντος....γράφ-ουσα writing
γιγνωσκ-ω-->γιγνώσκων, γιγνώσκοντος ...γιγνώσκουσα, --ούσης learning
λαμβαν-ω ---> λαμβάνων, -οντος...λαμβάνουσα, -ουσης -- taking
First aorists active are formed without augment, like πaς, πᾶσα, πᾶν [παντός, κτλ.]
and generally convey the sense of finite or finished event, a single moment (whereas the present conveys ongoing action)
ἔγραψα--> γράψας, γράψαντος...γράψασα, -άσης '(having) written' or 'writing (all at once)'
Practice with πράττω, ἔπραξα....
πέμπω, ἒπεμψα...
Second aorists active form their participles just like the present (but accent the ending)
ἔλαβον--> λαβών, λαβόντος... λαβοῦσα, -ούσης
'(having) taken' or 'taking (all at once)'
Practice with λείπω, ἔλιπον ....
πάσχω, ἔπαθον...
Athematic aorists are formed like the First aorists but without the -sa-:
endings added directly to the vowel of the root:
γιγνώσκω, ἔγνων (root gno-) --> γνοῦς (from gno- + nts) γνόντος =
'knowing/having learned/ realizing"
βαίνω, ἔβην --> βάς (from ba- + nts) βάντος, ...βᾶσα, βάσης,
'(having) gone, stepped'
If you remember these, the -μι verbs are easy--because they, too, are athematic (without the o/e connecting vowel of regular verbs). You add participle endings directly to the vowel of the root:
(reduplication marks the present)
τι-θη-μι --> (reduplicated present, root the-+ nts) τι-θείς, τιθέντος, ...
τιθεῖσα, τιθείσης...'putting/placing'
ἔθηκα --> (root the-+ nts) θείς, θέντος (without reduplication), θεῖσα, -ης
= '(having) put/placed'
cf. ἵημι --> ἱείς, ἱέντος
aorist -ἧκα --> -εἵς, -ἕντος...fem. -εἷσα,-ης (as in Med.23, ὑφεῖσα)
δι-δω-μι --> (reduplicated present, root do-+ nts) δι-δούς, διδόντος...
διδοῦσα, διδούσης... giving
ἒδωκα --> (root do-+ nts) δούς, δόντος (without reduplication)
= '(having) given'
ἵ-στη-μι --> (reduplicated present, root sta-+ nts), ἱ-στάς, ἱστάντος...
ἱστᾶσα, ἱστάσης
Second aorist, ἔστην --> (root sta+ nts) στάς, στάντος,
'(having) stood' intransitive
Don't forget first aorist, ἔστησα --> στήσας, στήσαντος...
στήσασα, στησάσης '(having) made stand/stop' transitive
3) Aorist passive: these follow the patterns - θείς,-θεῖσα, -θέν or -είς, εῖσα, έν,
as though you are adding the aorist active participles for τίθημι or ἵημι.
ἐ-λύ-θην --> λυ-θείς/λυ-θεῖσα ἐ-γράφ-ην --> γραφ-είς/γραφ-εῖσα
4) Future participles are formed like the present: but remember some active verbs 'go middle'
βαίνω, βήσομαι -- βησόμενος, -η '(being) about to go'
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι -->ληψόμενος, -η 'about to take'
μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι-- μαθησόμενος, -η, 'about to learn'
Practice with ἀπο-θνῄσκω....
-μι verbs have regular futures:
τίθημι, θήσω --> θήσων, θήσοντος...θήσουσα, θησούσης
δίδωμι, δώσω -- δώσων, δώσοντος...δώσουσα. κτλ
ἵστημι, στήσω-- στήσων, στήσοντος...στήσουσα, κτλ
Remember future participles are especially useful with ὡς to express purpose = so as/in order to: "They listened to the old man (in order) to learn the truth"
ἤκουσαν τοῦ γέροντος ὡς τὴν ἀλήθειαν γνώσομενοι (plural nom. to agree with subj.)