New Immigrants

Old Immigrants
     -Northern and Western Europe

New Immigrants
      -Southern and Eastern Europe
           -Italians
           -Jews
           -Slavs
                -Poles
                -Czechs

Urban Northeast

Working Conditions

Living Conditions

Labor Shortage

Politics
      -Bosses
      -Tammany Hall (NYC)
      -George Washington Plunkitt
           -Honest Graft  

 
 Immigration, 1880-1909

 
 Immigration, 1865-1920