North Dakota

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Argersinger, Peter H. "Regulating Democracy: Election Laws and Dakota Politics, 1889-1902." Midwestern Review. 5 (1983): 1-19. Older and more democratic system gave way to new, making it more difficult to organize a new party, to secure representation, to vote independently or express political dissatisfaction other than dropping out. 

Bird, J.W. "North Dakota Republicans and the 'Revolt' of the Farmers, 1889" M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota, 1973. 

Boyle, James E. "The Alliance Hail Association of North Dakota." (North Dakota University) Quarterly Journal. 1:45-53. October 1910.  North Dakota history 1887-1910.  

Brudvig, Glenn L. "The Farmers' Alliance and Populist Movement in North Dakota, 1884‑1896." M.A. thesis, U of North Dakota, 1956. 225 pp.  Excellent research and synthesis.  

Fossum, Paul R. The Agrarian Movement in North Dakota. 183 p. Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, Series XLIII, No. 1. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins P, 1925.  

Gallagher, Terrance B. "The Election of 1892 in North Dakota." M.A. thesis, U of North Dakota, 1970.  

Klimpel, Roger Morton. "Analysis of the Election of 1896 in North Dakota." M.A. thesis, U of North Dakota, 1971.  

Lalim, Cathryne Christine. "The Response of the Red River Valley Norwegian-American Newspapers to Populism in the 1890's." M.A. thesis, U of North Dakota, 1971. 104 pp. 

Lamar, Howard R. Dakota Territory, 1861-1899: A Study of Frontier Politics. 304 p. New Haven, Yale UP, 1956.  Strong on Farmers' Alliance.  

Moum, Kathleen. "The Social Origins of the Nonpartisan League." North Dakota History 1986 53(2): 18-22.   The North Dakota Nonpartisan League had its roots in the Populist movement.  It was strongest in the north-central and northwestern parts of the state where immigrant farmers, particularly Norwegian Americans, dominated.  America: History and Life, 24A:7846

Nielsen, Kim E. "'We All Leaguers By Our House': Women, Suffrage, and Red-Baiting in the National Nonpartisan League." Journal of Women's History 1994 6(1): 31-50.  The National Nonpartisan League, a populistic farmers' organization in North Dakota and Minnesota between 1915 and 1922, attracted accusations of socialism, disloyalty, and sexual immorality. Its women were often involved in public protests and organizing activities, pushing the gender boundaries they simultaneously used for their own protection.  America: History and Life, 34:7861

Remele, Larry. "'God Helps Those Who Help Themselves': The Farmers' Alliance and Dakota Statehood." Montana 1987 37(4): 22-33.  The Dakota Farmers Alliance promoted insurgent political traditions and progressive ideas.  Alliancemen elected farmer supporters to the 1889 territorial legislature and constitutional convention.  The Alliance influenced the South Dakota Convention to write a progressive constitution, but was less successful in North Dakota. America: History and Life, 26:3246

Rothlisberger, Orland A. "The Populist National Convention in Sioux Falls." South Dakota History 1971 1(2): 155-165.  Securing the Populist National Convention for Sioux Falls in 1900 was the climax of the party's influence in South Dakota.  The small attendance was the result of internal tensions within the party.  America: History and Life, 9:3699

Rysavy, Don. D. W. "Hines and the Farmers' Railroad: A Case Study in Populist Business Enterprise, 1894-1898." North Dakota Quarterly 1979 47(4): 20-34.  Populists supported state construction of a railroad as an alternative to the exorbitant rates of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroads.  America: History and Life, 18A:3055

Talbot, Ross B. "The Politics of Farm Organizations in North Dakota."
            Ph.D. dissertation (Political Science), U of Chicago, 1953. 

Thorson, Playford V. "Ole Ellingson: A North Dakota Radical Populist." North Dakota Quarterly 1981 49(4): 39-51.   Biography of a self-described "radical Populist" and prohibitionist who objected to corporate control of railroads, the telegraph, and national banks.  America: History and Life, 20A:3016

Tweton, Jerome D. "North Dakota in the 1890's: Its People, Politics, and Press." North Dakota History. 24:113-18. April 1957.  

_____. "Considering Why Populism Succeeded in South Dakota and Failed in North Dakota." South Dakota History 1992 22(Wint): 330-344.  Leadership played a key role in the successful experience of Populism in South Dakota and its failure in North Dakota.  South Dakota Populists maintained their Populist principles, rejecting fusion, unlike their North Dakota counterparts.  America: History and Life, 34:7870