Pennsylvania

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Christenson, Jack H. "Free Silver Comes to Pennsylvania." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine. 50(4): 281-90. 1967.  Chronicles editorial opinion of four newspapers to currency issue--Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Williamsport, & Pottsville. 

French, John D. "'Reaping the Whirlwind': The Origins of the Allegheny County Greenback-Labor Party in 1877." Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 1981 64(2): 97-119.  Labor and currency reformers in July 1877 in Pittsburgh formed thee Greenback Labor Party in opposition to the government's suppression of the 1877 railroad strike, national banking system, and contraction of the currency. America: History and Life, 19a:4460

James, Edward T. "T.V. Powderly, A Political Profile." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1975 99(4): 443-459.  Traces the political life of Terence Vincent Powderly during 1876-1900.  Powderly's politics were shaped largely by local issues he confronted while serving as mayor of Scranton.  Powderly supported the Greenback-Labor Party in the 1870s.  He became Grand Master Workman (President) of the Knights of Labor in 1879. Its membership peaked in 1886.  Afterward, the Knights became more political-reform oriented.  In 1894, Powderly became a Republican.  President McKinley appointed him Commissioner-General of Immigration in 1897. 

Lyons, William E. "Populism in Pennsylvania, 1892-1901." Pennsylvania History January, 1965 32(1): 49-65.  Describes Populist efforts to realign and redefine political power in Pennsylvania. America: History and Life, 2:1419 

Marcus, Irwin M.; Bullard, Jennie; and Moore, Rob. "Change and Continuity: Steel Workers in Homestead, Pennsylvania, 1889-1895." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1987 111(1): 61-75. Chronicles political activities of Homestead Steel workers.  When Andrew Carnegie purchased the Homestead steel works in 1883, the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers was able to impose work rules him.  Labor-management conflict culminated in an 1892 lockout, which the company won.  Homestead workers turned to the Populist Party.  Carnegie was able to suppress workers with the Republican electoral victory of 1896.  Workers reasserted their political power with the rise of the Socialist Party. America: History and Life, 25a:1844 

Silveus, Marian. "The Antecedents of the Campaign of 1896. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. 1933. 

_____. "The Election of 1896 in Western Pennsylvania." Western Pennsylvania History Magazine. 16:99‑124, map. May 1933. 

Stevens, S.K. "The Election of 1896 in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania History. 4:65‑87. April 1937.  

Stevenson, W. Fletcher. Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life 1840-1940. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical Commission, 1955. Pp. 410-420.  Details numbers and strengths of Pennsylvania Populists.