Religion
and Populism
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Home | Alvord, Wayne. "T.L.
Nugent, Texas Populist." Southwestern Historical Quarterly.
57(1):65‑81. July 1953. Nugent, a Swedenborgian, was Populist
gubernatorial candidate in 1892 & 1894. Argersinger, Peter Hayes.
"Pentecostal Politics in Kansas: Religion, the Farmers' Alliance, and
the Gospel of Populism." Kansas Quarterly. 1(4):24-39. Fall
1969. Relationship between economic conditions, politics, and religious
behavior. Bicha, Karel D. "Prairie Radicals: A Common Pietism." Journal of Church and State 1976 18(1): 79-94. Pietism was the common tie between prairie radicals following the Populist Revolt. They had no common ideological ties. Some were leftist, some rightist, some poor, some wealthy. American History and Life, 15A:2 Bode, Frederick A. Protestantism and
the New South: North Carolina Baptists and Methodists in Political Crisis,
1894-1903. Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 1975.
_____. "Religion and Class
Hegemony: A Populist Critique in North Carolina." Journal of
Southern History. 37(3):417-38.
August 1971. Populists' battles with traditional southern Protestant
religion and its role as defender of the status quo. Creech, Joe. Righteous Indignation: Religion and the Populist Revolution. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006. Crunden, Robert M. "George D. Herron in the 1890s: A New Frame of Reference for the Study of the Progressive Era." Annals of Iowa 1973 42(2): 81-113. Congregational minister Herron was a Populist and Progressive. He belonged to several reform organizations, and made a name for himself by arguing that "economic competition was always opposed to moral development." He was expelled from his church for his radical socialism and from Iowa College for what was regarded as immoral behavior. America: History and Life, 13A:5362 Cummings, Scott. "A Critical Examination of the Portrayal of Catholic Immigrants in American Political Life." Ethnicity 1979 6(3): 197-214. The new ethnicity of Catholic minorities cannot be equated with conservatism. The anti-elitist and anti-privilege sentiments of the Catholic ethnics were galvanized by the Populist Movement. America: History and Life, 18A:605 Curtis, Peter H. "Lorenzo D. Lewelling: A Quaker Populist." Quaker History 1972 61(2): 113-115. Lorenzo D. Lewelling was an Iowa Quaker who graduated from a Quaker college. He joined the People's Party in 1890 and won the Populist-Democratic nomination for governor because of his powerful opening address at the convention and his fusionist views. His philosophy was essentially socialist. America: History and Life, S:7731 Davis, Rodney D. "Prudence
Crandall, Spiritualism, and the Populist-Era Reform in Kansas." Kansas
History. 3(4):239-54. 1980. Doolen, Richard M. "Pastor in
Politics: The Congressional Career of the Reverend Gilbert de la Matyr."
Indiana Magazine of History 1972 68(2): 103-124.
Gilbert De La Matyr, a Methodist minister, preached in favor of
financial and currency reform. Fellow
ministers forced his retirement from the pulpit in 1878 when he became a
candidate for Congress on the Greenback Party ticket. He was defeated for reelection in 1880 and later returned to
the pulpit.
America: History and Life, 14A:822
Goode, Richard C. "The Godly Insurrection in Limestone County: Social Gospel, Populism, and Southern Culture in the Late Nineteenth Century." Religion and American Culture 1993 3(2): 155-169. The social gospel was the main factor in the emergence of the radical reformist Farmers' Alliance and populism in Limestone County, Alabama. The Alliance was not linked to denominational religion. Southern Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians supported the status quo. America: History and Life, 31:11792 Harvey, Paul. "Southern Baptists
and the Social Gospel: White Religious Progressivism in the South,
1900-1925." Fides et Historia 1995 27(2): 59-77.
Those who advocated a public role for religious people and their
institutions in reforming and regulating human institutions found poor
soil among Southern Baptists in the early 20th century. The movement was essentially Northern and urban.
The small successes that reformers had were generally outside the
traditional denominations and often allied to progressive or populist
political movements that considered religion marginal or even a hindrance
to progress. Khan, Rais Ahmad. "The People's Party (U.S.A.) and the Working Class." University Studies [Pakistan] 1968 5(1): 33-48. The working class failed to unite with farmers because it lacked a class consciousness, and was influenced by the Church. America: History and Life, S:2803 King, Keith Lynn. "Religious
Dimensions of the Agrarian Protest in Texas, 1870-1908." Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1985.
DAI, 46, no. 11A, (1985): 3469.
Texas Populists shared an essentially religious view of society.
Many of the ordained clergy left the ministry to devote their careers to
Populist reform because organized religion failed to support farmers.
Populism created an awareness among some Texans that individual
sins, like alcoholism, were actually symptomatic of the larger corporate
evil, poverty. Kinzer, Donald L. An Episode in
Anti‑Catholicism: The American Protective Association. 342 p. U
of Washington Publications in History. Seattle: U of Washington P, 1964.
Refutes Hofstadter on Populism and nativism. Lengel, Leland L. "Radical Crusaders and a Conservative Church: Attitudes of Populists Toward Contemporary Protestantism in Kansas." American Studies [Lawrence, KS] 1972 13(2): 49-59. Populists attacked Protestant churches and churchmen for their hypocrisy and corruption. Populists saw religion as a vehicle for social reform. America: History and Life, 13A:2444 _____. "The Righteous Cause: Some
Religious Aspects of Kansas Populism." 365 pp. Ph.D. dissertation, U
of Oregon, 1968. Dissertation Abstracts, 29:07A:2184. McMath, Robert C., Jr. "Populist Base Communities: The Evangelical Roots of Farm Protest in Texas." Locus 1988 1(1): 53-63. Evangelical Protestantism was an important conditioner of the form agrarian protest took. The reformers especially appropriated the camp meeting and language and ideas about the historical message of holy writ. America: History and Life, 26:12532 Miller, Timothy A. "Religion and
Populism: A Reassessment." Religion: The Scholarly Journal of
Kansas School of Religion at the University of Kansas.
January 8, 1971. Powers, Felicitas. "Prejudice,
Journalism, and the Catholic Laymen's Association of Georgia." U.S.
Catholic Historian 1989 8(3): 201-212. Anti-Catholicism was a dominant
and recurring theme in Georgia politics during the first half of the 20th
century. Tom Watson's
prejudicial theories were part of this. America:
History and Life, 30:2823 Raybon, S. Paul. "Stick By the Old
Paths: An Inquiry into the Southern Baptist Response to Populism." American
Baptist Quarterly 1992 11(3): 231-245.
Baptist ministers in the South rejected Populism and the Social
Gospel. Sermons and Baptist newspapers insisted that the cure to the
problem was hard work.
America: History and Life, 31:3132 Stephens, Randall “The Convergence of Populism, Religion, and the Holiness-Pentecostal Movements”Fides et Historia, 32, Number 1, 2000. p. 51-64 Walker, Samuel. "George Howard Gibson, Christian Socialist Among the Populists." Nebraska History 1974 55(4): 553-572. Gibson served as editor of the Populist official organ in Nebraska, the Alliance-Independent (which he renamed the Wealth Makers) from October 1893 to January 1896. He proved to be too extreme for most Nebraska Populists, who wished to stress free-silver and fusion. He relinquished his editorship of the paper to lead a group of Nebraskans to found the Christian Commonwealth Colony in Georgia. America: History and Life, 12A:1780 Walsh, Julia. "'Horny-Handed Sons
of Toil': Mill Workers, Populists and the Press in Augusta,
1886-1894." Georgia Historical Quarterly 1997 81(2): 311-344.
Uses three Georgia newspapers (the Democratic Augusta Chronicle,
the Populist People's Party Paper, and the Wool Hat of Richmond County)
from 1892-93 to examine the Populist appeal to textile mill workers and
Democratic opposition to the Populist perspective.
Tom Watson stressed class issues, particularly the need for an
alliance between both farmers and industrial workers against upper-class
owners. There was apparently substantial sympathy for the Populist cause
among some mill workers in Augusta. Walsh, Julia Mary. "Horny-handed Sons of Toil": Workers, Politics, and Williams, Rhys H. and Susan M. Alexander. "Religious Rhetoric in American Populism: Civil Religion as Movement Ideology." Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. 33, no. 1 (March 1994): |