Washington

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 Allen, Howard W. and Austin, Erik W. "From the Populist Era to the New Deal: A Study of Partisan Realignment in Washington State, 1889-1950." Social Science History. 3(2):115-43. 1979.  A quantitative study.  Socioeconomic factors are more important than ethnic and cultural ones.   America: History and Life, 18A:4603

Bicha, Karel. "Peculiar Populist: An Assessment of John R. Rogers." Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 65(3):110-17. 1974.  Rogers was the Populist governor of Washington.  Rogers was the Populist and Democratic governor of Washington (1897-1901).  Rogers began his career as a monetary reformer and ended with a complete obsession with land use and land tenure reform.  His free homestead proposal was socialistic, although he was a champion of individualism. 

Blankenship, Russell. "The Political Thought of John R. Rogers." Pacific Northwest Quarterly  37(1):3-13. January 1946.  

Boone, Michael D. "The Washington State Legislature of 1897: A Study in Populism." Master's thesis, Washington State U, 1966.  

Cloud, Barbara. "Laura Hall Peters: Pursuing the Myth of Equality." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 1983 74(1): 28-36.  In addition to working for women's suffrage, Hall joined the Knights of Labor and the Populist movement.  She promoted the utopian Puget Sound Co-operative Colony and edited its newspaper, Model Commonwealth.  America: History and Life, 21A:2897  

Crawford, Harriet Ann. The Washington State Grange, 1889-1924: A Romance of Democracy. 334 p. Portland, Oregon: Binfolds and Mort, 1940.  

Griffiths, David B. "Far-western Populist Thought: A Comparative Study of John R. Rogers and Davis H. Waite." Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 60(4):183‑192. October 1969.  Political thought of Populist governors of Washington and Colorado.  Includes stands on the single tax, the natural right to free land, imperialism, and the farmer-labor alliance.  America: History and Life, 7:2881

Hurt, R. Douglas. "Populist-Endorsed Judges and the Protection of Western Labor." Journal of the West 1978 17(1): 19-26. The Populist movement supported urban laborers (both out of philosophy and necessity) as shown by the pro-labor rulings of populist-endorsed judges of state supreme courts in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Washington, and Montana, 1893-1902. America: History and Life, 17A:2820

_____. "The Populist Judiciary: Election Reform and Contested Offices." Kansas History 1981 4(2): 130-141. The People's Party of the 1890's realized that the reforms it supported would have to secure judicial approval, and for this reason it endorsed the election of eight friendly judicial candidates in Kansas, Montana, Washington, Nebraska, and Colorado. In due course, these judges were called upon to decide cases arising from laws and circumstances concerning the Australian ballot, woman's suffrage, and contested offices. These Populist-endorsed judges decided such cases on the basis of legal procedures and technicalities rather than on the basis of ideology or partisan politics. America: History and Life, 20A:8284

Peters, Stephen Henry. "The Populists and the Washington Legislature, 1893-1900." Master's thesis, U of Washington, 1968.  

Riddle, Thomas W. The Old Radicalism: John R. Rogers and the Populist Movement in Washington. NYC: Garland Pub., 1991.  Based on Riddle's Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, 1976.  DAI 1977 37(8):5309-5310-A.  A Neo-republican interpretation.  Populism was a product of agrarian, as opposed to commercial, republicanism.  Intellectual roots traced back to Founding Fathers.  John R. Rogers, Populist and Democratic governor of Washington (1897-1901), was an articulate spokesman for agrarian republicanism.  After he moved to Washington in 1890 he became a progressive, although pragmatic politician.  he broke with more radical Populist and became a Democrats for his second term as governor. 

_____. "Populism in the Palouse: Old Ideals and New Realities." Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 65(3):57-109. 1974.  Democratic and Republican parties were unwilling to regulate arbitrary practices of commercial enterprise.  America: History and Life, 12A:7106

Ridgeway, Gordon B. "Populism in Washington." Pacific Northwest Quarterly. 39(4):284‑311. October 1948.   

Robinson, Richard Ells. "The Economic Background of Populism in Washington, 1870-1892." Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1957.  102 pages. 

Saltvig, Robert Donald. "The Progressive Movement in Washington." 516 p. Ph.D. dissertation, U of Washington, 1966.  Dissertation Abstracts, 27:12A:4201.  Progressives had a direct Populist lineage. 

Schwantes, Carlos A. "Washington State's Pioneer Labor-Reform Press: A Bibliographical Essay and Annotated Checklist." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 1980 71(3): 112-126.  Newspapers played an important role in the Washington labor movement from the 1880's through World War I.  Provides an annotated checklist of Populist and other labor papers. 

Thompson, Margaret H. "The Writings of John Rankin Rogers." M.A. thesis, U of Washington, 1949.  Rogers was Populist governor of Washington.  

Tjaden, Norman Frank. "Populists and Progressives of Washington: A Comparative Study. Master's thesis, University of Washington, 1960. 114 pages. 

Watkins, Marilyn P. "Political Activism and Community-Building Among Alliance and Grange Women in Western Washington, 1892-1925." Agricultural History 1993 67(2): 197-213.  During the late 19th and early 20th centuries the Farmers' Alliance and the Grange in Lewis County, Washington often relegated women to such tasks as food preparation.  Such organizations, however, also gave women a political voice.  America: History and Life, 32:4663

_____. "Political Culture and Gender in Rural Community Life: Agrarian Activism in Lewis County, Washington, 1890-1925." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan, 1991. DAI, 52, no. 07A, (1991): 2690.  Rural voters in Lewis county, Washington supported a series of radical third parties from 1892 to the 1920s.  Women were active in those movements.  Farmers' political goals remained much the same throughout this period.  They sought a government active in the interests of farmers and workers, lower taxes, and political and economic self-determination.  Farmer organizations nurtured traditions of democracy as well as championed the political participation of women.   

White, William Thomas. "A History of Railroad Workers in the Pacific Northwest, 1883-1934." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1981.  DAI, 42, no. 12A, (1981): 5224.  In the 1890s, the Gilded Age pattern of community support for insurgent workers achieved its most dramatic expression in the Coxeyite Movement, the Great Northern Strike, and the Pullman Strike of 1894, during which the region's Populist, anti-railroad mood supported militant action by unemployed railway workers and those belonging to the American Railway Union.  

Wooddy, Carroll H. "Populism in Washington: A Study of the Legislature of 1897." Washington Historical Quarterly. 21:103-19. April 1930.  Fusion of Populist and Democrat to take both houses of legislature and the governor's chair. 1896-97.