HST 121: History of the United States to 1877

Founding the Republic

What were some of the results of the Revolution? Why did Patriots divide into Federalists and Anti-Federalists? Describe compromises that helped establish a new federal system.

I: Results of the Revolution

A: Independence--Treaty of 1783

B: Expulsion of the Loyalists

C: Continued confiscation and closed courts

D: Economic problems unresolved

II: Revolution and Government

A: Representation in the state governments

B: Constitutions, bills of rights, and the Common Law

C: Articles of Confederation

--central government without customs duties revenue

III: Division into Federalists and Anti-Federalists

A: Anti-Federalists

1: Revolution complete (--satisfied that the major goals of 1776 have been met)

2: Keep the Articles of Confederation

3: Continue confiscation and closed courts

4: Protect the interests of the majority

B: Federalists

1: Revolution incomplete (--having goals for the country beyond those of 1776)

2: Significant revision of the Articles of Confederation or replace with a new constitution

3: End confiscation and open the courts

4: Protect the interests of the minority (economic, not social)

IV: Philadelphia Convention

A: Federalists outmaneuver Anti-Federalists

B: Madison and the Virginia Plan

C: Extreme and moderate Federalists

V: Compromises

A: Great Compromise

--compromises agreed to in the Philadelphia Convention, part of the Constitution. See chart

1: Representation in Congress

2: Division of power, federalism--See Constitution, Article I, Section 8

3: Supremacy--See Constitution, Article VI, Supremacy Clause

B: Bill of Rights

1: Demanded by the Anti-Federalists who had stalled the Constitution ratification process

2: Federalists again outmaneuver Anti-Federalists

3: Compromise agreed to in state ratifying conventions: ratify the Constitution on the condition that, through the Article V amendment process, a bill of rights will be added to the Constitution

4: Madison, 1^st Congress, amendments proposed, to be ratified by the states

--See Constitution, Bill of Rights

C: Judiciary Act of 1789

1: Federalists: appeals on federal questions of law to the Supreme Court

2: Anti-Federalists: "keep justice close to home”

a: Broad federal court system

b: Use of state courts