1. Provide a definition of each term below, including its significance to physiology. (20 points)

- Vital Capacity

- Dead space

- Bohr shift

- monocyte

- mean BP

- cardiac output

- active hyperemia

- extra-systole

-loop of Henle

- tubular reabsorption

2. In the process of inhalation, each of the following parameters changes. Rewrite them in the proper seqence, and indicate with arrows (upward or downward) which way they change. (10 points)

Thoracic pressure

Thoracic volume

Alveolar pressure

Alveolar volume

Force of muscle contraction

3. With regard to the control of ventilation, answer the following. (10 points)

A. Identify the integrator, and explain how the basic ventilation pattern is generated.

B. Identify the effectors, and the type of imput they receive.

C. Identify the sensory receptors that influence the integrator, and where each is located.

4. Explain the difference between "specific" and "nonspecific" immune defenses, giving examples of each.

(5 points)

5. For each item, give the role(s) it plays in the hemostasis process. (10 points)

- platelets

- mast cells

- collagen

- fibrin

-thrombin

- other clotting factors

6. Rewrite the following events of the cardiac cycle in the proper sequence, starting with the SA node depolarization. On the same line, then indicate if the event occurs in ventricular systole (S) or diastole (D) and if it is an electrical (E) or mechanical (M) event. (10 points)

EVENT                                                                  CORRECT ORDER                                             S / D      E / M

Ventricular ejection

First heart sound

Isovolumetric relaxation

AV node depolarization

QRS wave

7.For each "vessel", give one characteristic which would distinguish it from all the other "vessels" in the table. (10 points)

8. Complete the following equations (including units) which describe mathmatically how our respiratory, CV, and renal systems are regulated. (5 points)

Ventilation (L/min) =

Mean Systemic blood pressure (mmHg) =

Amount excreted (L/day or g/day) =

9.For each factor below, indicate what roles each plays in controlling BP, and if you increased the factor, how this would change BP. (10 points)

10.List/diagram the sequence of events that occurs when osmoreceptors increase their frequency of AP's .

(5 points)

11.List/diagram the sequence of events that occurs when juxtaglomerular cells are stimulated by low sodium. (5 points)